(Fedora: Lesson 3)

{ Hardening the Boot Loader, /boot/grub/grub.conf }

1. What is grub?
   • The grub stands for Grand Unified Boot Loader.
   • The grub loader can recognize various types of filesystems and kernel executable formats, allowing it to load an arbitrary operating system.
   • When you boot the system, the grub displays a menu of choices that is generated by the /boot/grub/grub.conf if the timeout directive is not equal to 0.
   • The /boot/grub/grub.conf file is the default configuration file.
   • To prevent the grub menu from being displayed the timeout directive should be set to 0.
   • To prevent an unauthorized user from physically gaining root single user access to the server by editing the kernel, you must add the password --md5 directive to the grub.conf file.
   
   
2. Lab Notes
   • In this lab we will do the following:
     1. We will enter the grub menu
     2. We will create a md5 password
     3. We will add the md5 password to the grub.conf file
     4. We will test the grub menu to make sure it is password protected.
     
     
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1. Open Your VMware Player
   • Instructions:
     1. On Your Host Computer, Go To
     2. Start --> All Program --> VMWare --> VMWare Player
    
2. Edit Fedora 14 Virtual Machine Settings
   • Instructions:
     1. Highlight Fedora14
     2. Click Edit virtual machine settings
   • 

    

3. Edit Network Adapter
   • Instructions:
     1. Highlight Network Adapter
     2. Select Bridged
     3. Click the OK Button
   • 

1. Start the Fedora14 VM
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on the Fedora14 VM
     2. Click on Play virtual machine
   • 

    

2. Login to Fedora14
   • Instructions:
     1. Login: student
     2. Password: <Provide Your Password>
     3. Click the Log In Button
   • 

1. Start a Terminal Console
   • Instructions:
     1. Applications --> Terminal
   • 

    

2. Switch user to root
   • Instructions:
     1. su - root
     2. <Whatever you set the root password to>
   • 

    

3. Get IP Address
   • Instructions:
     1. ifconfig -a
   • Notes (FYI):
     • As indicated below, my IP address is 192.168.1.111.
     • Please record your IP address.
   • 

1. Enter the Grub Shell
   • Instructions:
     1. grub
   • 

    

2. Create a Grub Password
   • Instructions:
     1. md5crypt
     2. Password: n0H4ck1n9
     3. quit
   • 

    

3. Copy Grub Password
   • Instructions:
     1. Highlight the encrypted string.
     2. Edit --> Copy
   • 

    

4. Create file md5crypt.txt with gedit
   • Instructions:
     1. gedit md5crypt.txt &
   • 

    

5. Save file md5crypt.txt
   • Instructions:
     1. Right click in the white part of the screen
     2. Click Paste
     3. Click the Save Button
   • 

    

6. Open the grub.conf file
   • Instructions:
     1. cd /boot/grub/
     2. cp grub.conf grub.conf.bkp
     3. gedit grub.conf &
   • 

    

7. Add Password Directive to the grub.conf file
   • Instructions:
     1. Place your cursor at the end of the line that contains the string default=0 and Press <Enter>
     2. Add the following password phrase after the default=0 directive
        • password --md5 $1$pK21O1$0WqruNZHjMEH1G0kR5881.
     3. Click the Save Button
   • Note(FYI):
     1. The password($1$pK21O1$0WqruNZHjMEH1G0kR5881.) string is located in your md5crypt.txt file.
   • 

    

1. Reboot the Machine
   • Instructions:
     1. reboot
   • 

    

2. Boot to Grub 2 Menu
   • Instructions
     1. Once you see the below vmware screen, (1) Left Click in the screen and (2) press the "e" key
   • Note(FYI):
     1. This might take you a few times so be patient!!!
   • 

    

3. Unlock Grub Menu
   • Instructions
     1. Press "p" key.
   • Note(FYI):
     1. Notice that there is no "e" option to edit the boot loader.  In order to edit the boot loader, you will have to press "p" to enter a password.
   • 

    

4. Enter the Password
   • Instructions
     1. Password: n0H4ck1n9
   • 

    

5. Enter the Grub Menu
   • Instructions
     1. Press "e" key
   • 

    

6. Boot the System
   • Instructions
     1. Press "b" key
   • Note(FYI):
     1. Since we do not need edit the kernel, go a head and press the "b" key to boot up the system.
   • 

1. Login to Fedora14
   • Instructions:
     1. Login: student
     2. Password: <Provide Your Password>
     3. Click the Log In Button
   • 

    

2. Start a Terminal Console
   • Instructions:
     1. Applications --> Terminal
   • 

    

3. Switch user to root
   • Instructions:
     1. su - root
     2. <Whatever you set the root password to>
   • 

    

4. Proof of Lab
   • Instructions:
     1. cd /boot/grub/
     2. grep password /boot/grub/grub.conf
     3. date
     4. echo "Your Name"
        • Put in your actual name in place of "Your Name"
        • e.g., echo "John Gray"
   • Proof of Lab Instructions
     1. Press the <Ctrl> and <Alt> key at the same time.
     2. Press the <PrtScn> key.
     3. Paste into a word document
     4. Upload to Moodle
   •