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|UNIX >> CentOS >> CentOS-6.6 >> Current Page |Views: 84379

(CentOS 6.6: Lesson 1)

{ Installing CentOS 6.6 }

Section 0. Background Information
  1. What is CentOS?
    • CentOS (abbreviated from Community Enterprise Operating System) is a Linux distribution that attempts to provide a free, enterprise-class, community-supported computing platform which aims to be functionally compatible with its upstream source, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).

  2. Lab Notes
    • In this lab we will do the following:
      1. Download CentOS-6.6
      2. Install CentOS-6.6
      3. Customize File System Layout to use both fixed and Linux Volume Management (LVM) Partitions.
      4. Install and Test VMware Tools
      5. Install GCC (C++ Compiler)
     
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Section 1. Prerequisite
  1. On any Window's machine, download and install VMware Player, if you have not already done so.

     

  2. Locate CentOS Mirror Download

     

  3. Choose a CentOS Mirror
    • Instructions:
      1. Choose a Mirror

     

  4. Download CentOS-6.6 ISO
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on CentOS-6.6-i386-bin-DVD1.iso
      2. Click the Save File radio button
      3. Click the OK button

     

  5. Save CentOS-6.6 ISO
    • Instructions:
      1. Navigate to wherever you want to save the CentOS-6.6 ISO.
        • In my case, I am saving the ISO to my external USB E: Drive.
        • E.g., E:\CentOS-6.6\
      2. Click the Save Button

 

Section 2. Create a New Virtual Machine
  1. Open VMware Player on your windows machine.
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Start Button
      2. Type "vmware player" in the search box
      3. Click on VMware Player

     

  2. Create a New Virtual Machine. (See Below)
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on Home
      2. Click on Create a New Virtual Machine
     
  3. Installation Media
    • Instructions:
      1. Select the radio button "I will install the operating system later"
      2. Click Next
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Normally, you would select "Install disc image file (iso)", but unfortunately VMware Player will attempt to do an easy install.

     

  4. Select a Guest Operating System
    • Instructions:
      1. Guest operating system:  Linux
      2. Version: CentOS
      3. Select Next

     

  5. Name the Virtual Machine
    • Instructions:
      1. Virtual machine name: CentOS-6.6
      2. Location: E:\CentOS-6.6
        • In my case, I saved it to my USB drive.
      3. Click the Next Button

     

  6. Specify Disk Capacity.
    • Instructions:
      1. Make the disk size to 20 GB.
      2. Select the radio button name Store virtual disk as a single file.
      3. Select Next.

     

  7. Customize the Hardware.
    • Instructions:
      1. Select the Customize Hardware Button.

     

  8. Configure Memory
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on Memory.
      2. Up the memory to 1 GB
      3. Do NOT Click the Close Button, we still have more to configure.

     

  9. Configure CD/DVD
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on CD/DVD.
      2. Select the radio button "Use ISO image file:"
      3. Click the Browse Button, and navigate to the CentOS-6.6-i386-bin-DVD1.iso and double click on it.
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Do NOT Click the Close Button, we still have more to configure.

     

  10. Configure the Network Adapter
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on Network Adapter
      2. Selected the Bridged radio button.
      3. Now, you can click the Close button.

     

  11. Click Finish (See Below)
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Finish Button

     

Section 3. Install CentOS-6.6 to Hard Drive
  1. Start the CentOS-6.6 VM
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on the CentOS-6.6 VM
      2. Click on Play virtual machine

     

  2. Install CentOS-6.6
    • Instructions:
      1. Scroll up to "Install or upgrade an existing system" and press <Enter>

     

  3. Disc Found
    • Instructions:
      1. Right Arrow to the Skip Box and press <Enter>

     

  4. Select Next
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Next Button

     

  5. Select Language
    • Instructions:
      1. Select English (English)
      2. Click Next 

     

  6. Select Keyboard
    • Instructions:
      1. Select English.
      2. Click Next

     

  7. Select Storage Device
    • Instructions:
      1. Select Basic Storage Devices
      2. Select Next

     

  8. Storage Device Warning
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the "Yes, discard any data" Button

     

  9. Name the server
    • Instructions:
      1. Hostname: centos66
      2. Click the Next Button.

     

  10. Select Time Zone
    • Instructions:
      1. Select the time zone of your choice.
      2. Select Next.

     

  11. Select a root password.
    • Instructions:
      1. Root Password:  <Supply A Strong Root Password>
      2. Confirm: <Re-Enter the previous Root Password>
      3. Click the Next Button
    • Note(FYI):
      • At least 8 characters
      • Alpha-Numeric
      • Uppercase and Lowercase
      • Symbols (!@#$%^&*, etc)

     

Section 4. Creation Partitions
  1. Create Custom Layout.
    • Instructions:
      1. Select Create Custom Layout
      2. Click the Next Button
     
  2. Create /boot (Part 1)
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on the Free Space under the SDA Hard Drive
      2. Click the Create Button
        • This will pop up a Create Storage window
      3. Click on the Radio Button "Standard Partition"
      4. Click on the Create Button

     

  3. Create /boot (Part 2)
    • Instructions:
      1. Mount: /boot
      2. File System Type: ext4 or ext2
        • ext2 is sufficient if you do not think your /boot file system will change.  For class purposes use ext4.
      3. Size: 500 (300 MB minimum)
      4. Addition Size Options: Select the Fixed size radio button
      5. Click OK
    • Note(FYI):
      1. The /boot partition holds the kernel and other data the system needs when it boots; it cannot be under the control of LVM. 

     

  4. Create / (Part 1)
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on the Free Space under the SDA Hard Drive
      2. Click the Create Button
        • This will pop up a Create Storage window
      3. Click on the Radio Button "Standard Partition"
      4. Click on the Create Button
     
  5. Create / (Part 2)
    • Instructions:
      1. Mount: /
      2. File System Type: ext4
      3. Size: 4000 (Recommend: (3.0 GB - 5.0 GB)
      4. Additional Size Options: Select the Fixed size radio button
      5. Click OK
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Any file systems that are not created as a separate partition will become automatically part of the root(/) filesystem.

     

  6. Create swap (Part 1)
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on the Free Space under the SDA Hard Drive
      2. Click the Create Button
        • This will pop up a Create Storage window
      3. Click on the Radio Button "Standard Partition"
      4. Click on the Create Button

     

  7. Create swap (Part 2)
    • Instructions:
      1. File System Type: swap
      2. Size: 3000 (Swap should double memory).
        • Currently, 1 GB is allocated to memory.  Only a maximum of 1.5 GB can be allocated to memory, since swap is 3000 MB or 3 GB
      3. Additional Size Options: Select the Fixed size radio button
      4. Click OK.
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Linux temporarily stores programs and data on a swap partition when it does not have enough RAM to hold all the information during processing.  Also, swap is used when your hibernate the system.

     

  8. Create a Physical Volume (Part 1)
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on the Free Space under the SDA Hard Drive
      2. Click the Create Button
        • This will pop up a Create Storage window
      3. Click on the Radio Button "LVM Physical Volume"
      4. Click on the Create Button

     

  9. Create a Physical Volume (Part 2)
    • Instructions:
      1. Additional Size Options: "Fill to maximum allowable size" radio button
      2. Click OK

     

  10. Create a Logical Volume Group
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on the sda5 physical volume
      2. Click the Create Button
        • This will pop up a Create Storage window
      3. Click on the Radio Button "LVM Volume Group"
      4. Click on the Create Button

     

  11. Create /usr
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Add Button
      2. Mount: /usr
      3. Size: 4500 (4 to 16 GB)
      4. Click OK
    • Note(FYI):
      1. The size of /usr depends on the number of software packages you install

     

  12. Create /home
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Add Button
      2. Mount: /home
      3. Size: 2000
      4. Click OK
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Size depends on the number of users on the machine and the type of work they do.

     

  13. Create the /tmp filesystem.
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Add Button
      2. Mount: /tmp
      3. Size: 1000 (Minimum 500 MB)
      4. Click OK
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Temporary files such as *.pid files reside here.  For most Linux and Unix operating systems, data is not preserved between reboots.

     

  14. Create the /var filesystem
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Add Button
      2. Mount: /var
      3. Size: 4000 (Required minimum is 500 MB; however, Apache and MySQL is typically installed under /var).
      4. Click OK, in the Make Logical Volume
      5. Click OK, in the Make Logical Volume Group
    • Note(FYI):
      1. /var is short for variable.  Data in this partition changes frequently.
        • /var/www/html - Where Apache Web Pages are stored.
        • /var/log - Where the system log messages are stored.
        • /var/mail - Where mail is stored

     

  15. Review Your Work
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Both /boot and / are fixed file systems which cannot be changed.
      2. /home, /usr, /tmp, and /var are LVM file systems which can be increased or decreased in size.
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Next Button

     

  16. Format Warning
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Format Button

     

  17. Writing storage configuration to disk
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Write changes to disk Button

     

  18. Install the boot loader
    • Instructions:
      1. Check the Install boot loader checkbox
      2. Click the Next Button

     

  19. Install Software
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Desktop radio button
      2. Click the Customize later radio button
      3. Click the Next Button

     

  20. Install Software
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Desktop radio button

     

  21. Reboot System
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Reboot button

 

Section 5. Post CentOS Configuration
 
  1. Welcome
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Forward Button

     

  2. License Information
    • Instructions:
      1. Click "Yes, I agree to the License Agreement"
      2. Click the Forward Button

     

  3. Create User
    • Instructions:
      1. Username: student
        • Do not change "student", since this account is required for future labs.
      2. Full Name: Security Student
        • Replace Security Student with your actual full name.
        • e.g., John Gray
      3. Password:  <Supply A Strong Password>
      4. Confirm: <Re-Enter the previous Password>
      5. Click the Forward Button
    • Note(FYI):
      • At least 8 characters
      • Alpha-Numeric
      • Uppercase and Lowercase
      • Symbols (!@#$%^&*, etc)

     

  4. Date and Time
    • Instructions:
      1. Adjust the Date and Time and click the Forward Button

     

  5. Kdump (Part 1)
    • Note(FYI):
      1. CentOS 6 requires 4 GB of RAM.  Since, we only reserved 1 GB of memory for this virtual machine, you will receive and error message "Insufficient memory to auto-enable kdump".
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the OK Button in the Insufficient memory warning window.

     

  6. Kdump (Part 2)
    • Note(FYI):
      1. After clicking the Finish Button your machine will immediately reboot
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the Finish Button

 

Section 6. Install VMware Tools
 
  1. Login to CentOS
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Until you click the user, in this case Security Student, the Password field will not be displayed.
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on Security Student
        • This will display the password text box.
      2. Supply its' password
      3. Click the Log In Button

     

  2. Launch Install VMware Tools...
    • Instructions:
      1. Press the <Ctrl> and <Alt> keys
        • The will bring mouse focus back to your host machine
      2. Click on Player --> Manage --> Install VMware Tools...

     

  3. Open a Terminal
    • Instructions:
      1. Applications --> System Tools --> Terminal

     

  4. View VMware Tools Mount Location
    • Instructions:
      1. su - root
      2. Password: <Supply the root password>
      3. df -k
    • Note(FYI):
      1. su - root, means switch user to root.
      2. df -k, means to view file system disk space in the block size.
      3. Notice, VMware Tools was mounted to /dev/sr0 and is accessible in the directory /media/VMware Tools.

     

  5. Uncompress VMWare Tools Bundle
    • Instructions:
      1. cd /media/VMware\ Tools/
      2. ls -lrta
      3. cp VMwareTools*gz /var/tmp/
      4. cd /var/tmp
      5. tar zoxvf VMwareTools*gz
    • Note(FYI):
      1. cd, means to change directory.
      2. ls, means to list the directory contents.
        • -lrta, (l) long listing, (r) in reverse order by (t) time, and show (a) invisible files.
      3. cp, means to copy the VMWare Tools bundle to the /var/tmp directory.
      4. cd, means to change directory to the /var/tmp directory
      5. tar, means to uncompress or compress files or directories.  In our case we are going to uncompress the VMware Tools Bundle.
        • zoxvf, (x) means to extract and (z) unzip the (f) file in (v) verbose mode while keeping the same (o) ownerships.

     

  6. Install VMware tools
    • Instructions:
      1. cd vmware-tools-distrib/
      2. perl vmware-install.pl default

     

  7. Review Installation Output
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Scroll towards the bottom of the output for a completion message.
      2. In order for "all" of the vmware tool features to be invoked we will later reboot the machine in a later step.

 

Section 7. Post Virtual Machine Settings Configuration
 
  1. Open Virtual Machine Settings
    • Instructions:
      1. Press the <Ctrl> and <Alt> keys to bring mouse focus back to the host machine.
      2. Player --> Manage --> Virtual Machine Settings...

     

  2. Change CD/DVD Settings
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Below we want the Virtual Machine to boot from its' hard drive instead of the CentOS ISO.
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on CD/DVD (IDE)
      2. Click on the radio button "Use physical drive:"
      3. Select "Auto detect"
      4. Click the OK Button

 

Section 8. Reboot Machine
 
  1. Open a Terminal
    • Instructions:
      1. Applications --> System Tools --> Terminal

     

  2. Reboot Server
    • Instructions:
      1. su - root
      2. Password: <Supply the root password>
      3. reboot

 

Section 9. Verify VMware Tools is working
 
  1. Login to CentOS
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Until you click the user, in this case Security Student, the Password field will not be displayed.
    • Instructions:
      1. Click on Security Student
        • This will display the password text box.
      2. Supply its' password
      3. Click the Log In Button
     
  2. Resize Window
    • Instructions:
      1. Try to resize the Window, by dragging the bottom right corner of the window.  If scroll bar disappear, then you have verified VMware Tools is now installed.
    • Note(FYI):
      1. If scroll bar disappear, then you have verified VMware Tools is now installed.

     

Section 10: Install GCC
  1. Open a Terminal
    • Instructions:
      1. Applications --> System Tools --> Terminal
     
  2. Switch User to Root
    • Instructions:
      1. su - root
      2. Provide the Root Password

     

  3. Finding the GCC Compiler
    • Instructions:
      1. yum list | grep gcc
    • Note(FYI):
      1. Yum, is the package manager for Fedora, CentOS and RedHat.
      2. yum list, displays all the repository packages to the screen
      3. | grep gcc, filters the output to only display lines that contains the string gcc.

     

  4. Install GCC
    • Instructions:
      1. yum install gcc.i686
      2. Is this ok [y/N]: y
      3. You will see this question "Is this ok [y/N]:" four more times, please answer "y" to all questions.

     

Section 11: Proof of Lab
  1. Start Up a Terminal Window
    • Instructions:
      1. Applications --> Terminal

     

  2. Proof of Lab
    • Instructions:
      1. tail -1 /etc/passwd
        • Where "1" is a one.
      2. tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 | grep "Filesystem created:"
      3. date
      4. echo "Your Name"
        • Put in your actual name in place of "Your Name"
        • e.g., echo "John Gray"
    • Proof of Lab Instructions
      1. Press the <Ctrl> and <Alt> key at the same time.
      2. Press the <PrtScn> key.
      3. Paste into a word document
      4. Upload to Moodle

     


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